7 min read15
Model Latency Profiles by Provider: TTFT, TPS, and p99 in 2026
Headline tokens-per-second numbers hide what matters. The 2026 latency profiles by provider — TTFT, TPS, and p99 — for production planning.
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Large Language Models
Large Language Models & LLM Insights
Explore large language model architectures, fine-tuning strategies, prompt engineering, and how LLMs power modern AI applications.
9 of 92 articles
8 min read8
Mixture of Depths: Adaptive Compute per Token for Cost-Efficient LLMs
Mixture of Depths lets models skip layers for easy tokens and spend compute on hard tokens. The 2026 implementations and what they save.
8 min read74
Small Language Models That Beat GPT-4: Phi-4, Gemma-3, and SmolLM-3 Benchmarks
By 2026, sub-10B models beat 2024-era GPT-4 on most benchmarks. The Phi-4, Gemma-3, and SmolLM-3 family compared head-to-head.
7 min read10
The Transformer Math Behind Long-Context: Cost vs Capability
Why long context is expensive, where the cost shows up, and the 2026 tricks that let frontier models serve million-token windows.
8 min read6
Attention Mechanisms Explained: From Self-Attention to Multi-Query
The evolution of attention from the original transformer to 2026's multi-query and grouped-query variants — what changed and why it matters.
8 min read11
OpenAI vs Anthropic vs Google vs Meta: 2026 Production Trade-Offs
The four major LLM ecosystems in 2026 compared on production trade-offs — quality, cost, latency, ecosystem, governance.
7 min read8
Sparse Attention Patterns: Sliding Window, Longformer, BigBird Today
Sparse attention patterns are back in production for long-context inference. The 2026 implementations and where each pattern wins.
9 min read56
Mamba-3 and State-Space Models: The Post-Transformer Architecture Race in 2026
Mamba-3 and the state-space-model family now power production deployments. Where they beat transformers, where they lose, and what's next.
Showing 9 of 92